UMaine Graduate Students Wins Scholarship to Track Winter Trends at Acadia National Park
October 28, 2003
Media contact: Nick Houtman, Dept. of Public Affairs, 207-581-3777; Sarah Nelson, Mitchell Institute, 207-581-3454
ORONO-- A University of Maine graduate student has received one of eight 2003 Canon National Park Science Scholarships awarded in September to students studying at national parks in North and South America. Sarah Nelson, a researcher at UMaine’s Senator George J. Mitchell Center for Environmental and Watershed Research, will use the $78,000 three-year scholarship to analyze winter trends in watershed chemistry at Acadia National Park.
Nelson earned her UMaine master’s degree in 2002 and is working toward a Ph.D. in UMaine’s Ecology and Environmental Sciences Program. For two years, she was part of a team working at Acadia to understand how mercury and nitrogen in streams and precipitation relate to the natural features and history of the landscape. These are national issues of concern to the National Park Service, for which Acadia has provided a natural laboratory for many years. The research effort is ongoing and focuses on the Cadillac Brook watershed on Cadillac Mountain and on the Hadlock Brook watershed near the town of Northeast Harbor.
In her role, Nelson carried plastic tubing, bottles and other research equipment up mountains and along stream banks. She analyzed water samples and produced a thesis on the influence of water percolating through the tree canopy on water chemistry in streams. Trees can scavenge the toxic metal mercury and acid rain components from the atmosphere, she and her colleagues found, and play an important role in watershed processes that result in mercury accumulation in fish.
Since all of that research was done during the growing season, she says, the resulting picture is incomplete. Now Nelson will focus on how mercury and other chemicals accumulate on Acadia’s landscape during the winter. She will collect information about the chemistry of winter precipitation as well as mercury in streams to develop a more complete understanding of watershed processes.
“A lot of winter storms blow in off the ocean, as opposed to the rest of the year when they tend to come across inland areas. We may be missing the effect of winter storms on watersheds,” says Nelson. Mercury in the atmosphere can come from natural sources in the ocean as well as human activities on land.
Nelson’s proposal for studying winter deposition of mercury was chosen from 140 applications and is the only 2003 project to be conducted in the United States. Other 2003 Canon scholars will be working in Canada, Argentina, Brazil, Peru and Mexico.
“The goal of the program is to train the next generation of conservation scientists,” says Gary Machlis, University of Idaho professor and program coordinator for the Canon National Parks Science Scholars Program. “We see these students as future leaders in conservation science.
Nelson grew up in Berlin, Massachusetts and, after briefly studying science and civil engineering, received her bachelor’s degree in art history from Columbia University in New York City. She became interested in environmental science, she says, after working as a volunteer to monitor water quality in the Assabet River which flows through Berlin. A desire to learn more about water quality and forests led Nelson to UMaine where, as a student technician in the environmental chemistry laboratory, she participated in ongoing research at Acadia.
“Sarah has both a natural curiosity and the drive to find ways to get things done,” says her major advisor Steve Kahl, director of the Mitchell Center. “Her entrepreneurial spirit is a key part of the success of the Center.”
Past research at UMaine and elsewhere, she says, has focused on mercury in fish and other organisms. “At this point, scientists are trying to figure out where the fish are getting the mercury,” she says. To get at that question, Nelson will sample winter precipitation for chloride, sodium and sulfate mercury to gauge the impact of winter weather on Acadia’s watersheds.
“Different amounts of all of these chemicals come from the land and the ocean, and it will be interesting to see which ones spike up during the winter, compared to the rest of the year, and which ones don’t,” Nelson adds.
Nelson will continue to collaborate with other scientists from UMaine and the Institute of Ecosystem Studies in Millbrook, New York, which has also conducted environmental studies in the park. Their eventual goal is to create a scientific model of atmospheric deposition that can be used to predict stream water quality on the basis of weather, vegetation and other factors.
Nelson and Kahl are co-editing an upcoming special issue of the journal Environment Monitoring and Assessment on watershed research at Acadia.
The Canon National Park Science Scholars Program is supported by Canon USA, Inc., the American Association for the Advancement of Science and the National Park Service. Established in 1997, it provides financial support to students who have conducted research in more than 50 national parks and produced over 75 articles and presentations.
More information about the 2004
34 kg ha−1 per year=ambient+treatment) to investigate the biogeochemical consequences of N saturation. Both in situ and laboratory studies of N mineralization and nitrification were carried out to evaluate the changes in N cycling brought about by the long-term N additions. Consistent with hypotheses set forth in the literature (sensu [BioScience 39 (1989) 378]), the treated watershed had higher rates of N cycling compared to the reference watershed. In addition, we report important differences in N cycling rates as a function of forest cover type and soil horizon. Higher rates of net N mineralization occurred in hardwood O horizons compared to softwoods, but the opposite was true in the mineral soils suggesting an important link between litter type and N mineralization that varies with depth in the pedon. Nitrification showed the greatest response to N treatments, with the majority of mineralized N subsequently oxidized to nitrate in the mineral soils. By comparing the data herein with that previously reported for the Bear Brook experiment, it appears that the ecosystem response to N treatment continues to evolve on a decadal time scale and inherent differences in forest cover types and their underlying soils alter the fate of depositional N.
Blanka Peridot and Teresa Flisiuk. BRANCH MILLS CEMETERY SOUTH CHINA, ME 04358 United States 